PVC types, physical properties and applications

Widely used in industry and handicrafts

For at least a decade now the use of the word PVC has become more and more frequent becoming part of everyday life often through commercials or dialogues with professionals and craftsmen, as well as for its various applications in the field of building construction complements or accessories and furnishings for the home, office or business.
This article aims to give general information on what PVC is and how it can be used according to its different production variants.

- Introduction to PVC
Polyvinyl chloride, commonly known by the acronym PVC, is one of the most widely used plastic polymers in craft and industrial production worldwide. Its great versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, ranging from construction to industry, with possible applications also in the field of fashion as well as in the manufacture of food containers, furnishings and accessories in general.

- Types of PVC
PVC can be classified into several categories, depending on its physical and chemical characteristics. The two main types are:

-- Rigid PVC (aka uPVC):
This essentially pure type of PVC is characterized by a rigid and strong structure. It contains no plasticizers, making it ideal for applications requiring strength and durability.

Properties:
high mechanical strength; good resistance to chemicals; ease of processing and molding.

Applications:
frame profiles (windows and doors); piping for plumbing systems; floor and wall coverings; rigid packaging materials.

-- Plasticized PVC:
This type of PVC contains plasticizers, which give the material greater flexibility and softness. It is often used in applications that require a certain degree of elasticity.

Properties:
flexibility and softness; resistance to deformation; good insulation properties.

Applications:
packaging films and foils; tarps and covers, also for truck tarps, awnings, pergolas and gazebos; coatings for electrical wires; mattresses and childcare articles.

- Other PVC types
In addition to the two main categories described above, there are other PVC variants that are distinguished by specific properties and uses:

-- Expanded PVC:
This type of PVC is characterized by a cellular structure that makes it light and insulating. It is mainly used in applications requiring good thermal and acoustic insulation.

Properties:
lightness; good insulation properties; ease of processing.

Applications:
thermal insulation panels; exhibition stand construction materials; enclosures for electrical equipment; signage.

-- Self-extinguishing PVC:
This PVC variant is chemically treated to resist the spread of fire. It is used in applications where fire safety is a priority.

Properties:
low flammability; heat resistance; dimensional stability.

Applications:
electrical wires in industrial environments; coatings for conduits in public buildings; automotive products; tarps and covers, also for awnings, pergolas and gazebos.

-- Transparent PVC:
This type of PVC is used when transparency is required. It is often used for applications where visibility of content or aesthetics is important.

Properties:
transparent; good resistance to chemicals; flexibility (depending on formulation).

Applications:
food containers; protective films; transparent films and tarps, also for side walls of terraces, pergolas and gazebos.

- Environmental Impact and Recyclability
An important aspect of PVC is its environmental impact. Although it is a highly versatile and durable material, the production and disposal of PVC can have negative effects on the environment. However, PVC, like other plastics, is also recyclable. Modern technologies, through treatment in appropriate plants, make it possible to recover used PVC and transform it into new products, thus reducing the need for virgin raw materials.

As final considerations, it can be said that PVC is an extremely versatile material that finds application in many different sectors thanks to its various types and their specific characteristics. From the rigidity of pure PVC to the flexibility of plasticized PVC, each type has a unique role to play in both craft and industry. With the increasing focus on sustainability, PVC recycling represents an important opportunity to reduce environmental impact and promote a circular economy.

In an ever-changing world, PVC will continue to be a valuable resource due to its ability to adapt and respond to market needs. With proper management and increased environmental awareness, PVC can contribute to building a more sustainable future.

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